DETERMINERS

USE OF BOTH ( DETERMINERS , PRONOUN)

Rule 1 Both is used with plural nouns to mean ” the two or ‘ the one as well as the other’

Eg 1 . Both the women were French.

2. Both of the women were French.

3. Both women were French.

Rule 2 ‘ Both is used to say something about two people or things of the same kind’

Eg 1. Both the brothers are doctor

Note :The is used after both not before it

Rule 3 As an object after pronoun

Eg They have called us both.

Rule 4 Both of + objective pronoun can be used as a subject and an object.

Eg 1. Both of us can go now.

2. They invited both of us.

Rule 5 Possessive pronouns are not used before both

Eg 1. My both brothers ( wrong).

2. Both my brothers are doctor.

Rule 6 Both + not = grammatical wrong.

Eg 1. Both the books are not interesting ( wrong)

2. Neither book is interesting.( Right)

3. Both did not go.( wrong).

4. Neither went.(right)

USE OF SOME ( DETERMINER, PRONOUN)

Rule 1 some= uncountable nouns/ plural countable nouns

some= an amount of/ a number of

Note 🙁 some is a possible plural form of a/an and one)

Eg 1. There is some water in the glass.

Rule 2 To refer to certain members of a group or certain type of things but not all of them.

Eg. 1 I like some modern music.( but not all of it)

Rule 3 some = A large number or amount of something

Eg. 1 We have been working together for sometime ( a long time)

Rule 4 some = a small amount or number of something

Eg. 1 There is some hope of his survival.

Rule 5 used with singular nouns to refer to a person, place,thing or time that is not known or not identified.

Eg 1 There must be some mistake.

2. He won a competition in some newspaper or other.

Rule 6 Note: in negative sentences and questions any is usually used instead of some. However some is used in questions that expect a positive reply

Eg1. Would you like some milk in your coffee?

Rule 7 some is used (a) with affirmative verbs

Eg 1 They bought some toys.

(b) In questions where the answer ‘yes’ is expected

Eg 1. Did some of you go there?

(c)In offers and requests

Eg 1 Would you like some tea?

Rule 8 Both ‘ some’ and ‘ any’ can be used in ‘if clause’

Eg 1 If you want some/any money ,let me know.

PRONOUN( SOME) RULE 1 SOME OF SOMEBODY/SOMETHING

SOME= AN AMOUNT OF SOMETHING

SOME= A NUMBER OF THINGS

Eg 1 . you will find some in the drawer.

Rule 2 A part of the whole number or amount being considered

Eg 1 some of the music was weird.

IDIOM ; ………………………………AND THEN SOME= and a lot more than that

Eg we got our money’s worth and then some.

ADVERB( SOME) some= approximately

Eg.1 some forty students attended the class.

some= to some degree

Eg 1 Did you find the work any easier?

USE OF ANY

ANY= UNCOUNTABLE NOUNS/ PLURAL NOUNS/ SINGULAR NOUN

Rule 1. some, any and none can be used with ( of+ the/this/these/those/possessive/ personal pronouns)

Eg 1. Did any of your friends come here?

ANY IS USED: A- with negative verbs

Eg. 1. I don’t have any idea.

2. He has not got any money.

B- with hardly, barely, scarcely( which are almost negatives)

Eg 1. They have hardly any money to invest.

C- with without( without any= with no)

Eg 1. She did it withour any help/ with no help.

Rule 2. with questions

Eg 1. Did eh write any note?

Rule 3 After If/ whether and in expression of doubt

Eg 1. If he needs any help, please call me.

Rule 4 Any= practically every( no particular one)

Eg 1. Any book can be read.

Rule 5 After verbs such as prevent, ban, forbid

Eg 1. He forbids any talking in the class.

Rule 6 with singular countable nouns to refer to one of a number of things or people when it does not matter which one.

Eg 1. Take any book you like.

Rule 7 ( Not just any)

NOT JUST ANY= USED TO SHOW THAT SOMEBODY/ SOMETHING IS SPECIAL

Eg It is not just any day- it is my anniversary.

AS A PRONOUN

Rule 1 In negative sentences, in questions after If/ whether

Eg 1 I need some stamps. Are there any in your bag ?

2. He returned home without any of the others.

Idiom= somebody is not having any of it= somebody is not interested or does not agree

Eg I suggested sharing the cost but he was not having any of it.

As an adverb

ANY= at all ( used to emphasize an adjective or adverb in negative sentences or questions

Eg 1 She is not any good at English.

USE OF MANY

MANY= plural countable nouns

As a determiner

Many is used

= With plural nouns and verbs in negative sentences and in questions to ask about the size , a number

Eg 1. He does not have very many books left.

2. How many students are there?

= With as , so and too

Eg 1. There are too many mistakes in the book.

2. Don’t take so many ( pronoun)

3. As many cases as experienced were reported.

( A GREAT MANY= VERY MANY)

4. She has known me for a great many years ( very many years)

= The many= most people

Eg 1. The new government must improve the conditions for the many.

IDIOMS= As many as- used to show the number of people or things is so large.

Eg 1. There were as many as 200 students in the class.

Have had one too many= to be drunk

Eg Don’t pay attention to him he has had one too many.

Many’s the+ noun= used to show something has happened many times or for long periods of time.

Eg 1. many’s the hour I have spent by the phone just waiting in case he called.

Many a time= many times

Eg I have told you many a times,not to go there.

Many moons ago= a long time ago

USE OF MANY A / AN

Many a/an= a large number of

Many a/an+ singular noun+ singular verb

Eg Many a man has been destroyed by drink.

USE OF ALL

As a determiner

Rule 1 All = the whole number of

Note: 1. All is used with plural nouns

2. The noun may have the, this, that, my ,her, his etc. in front of it or a number.

Eg 1. All my plants have died.

Rule 2 All= the whole amount of

Note: 1. All is used with uncountable nouns

2. The noun may have the , this ,that, my, her, his etc. in front of it.

Eg 1. All wood tends to shrink.

Rule 3. All is used with singular nouns showing something has been happening for a whole period of time.

Eg She had worked hard all year.

Rule 4 All= the greatest possible

Eg 1. In all courage I can’t face.

Rule 5 All = any whatever

Eg 1. She denied all knowledge of science.

Idioms

And all that=and other similar things

All in all= when everything is included

All= also, too

And all= also, included , in addition

Not at all= in any way

In all= as a total

Your all= everything you have

USE OF SEVERAL

AS A DETERMINER/ PRONOUN

SEVERAL=M0RE THAN TWO BUT NOT VERY MANY( OF THE SAME TYPE)

= DIFFERENT AND SEPERATE

Eg 1. several visitors arrived this morning.

2. Several of the books were destroyed.

USE OF ENOUGH

As a determiner

Enough= sufficient

= used before plural or uncountable nouns to mean as many or as much as somebody needs or wants.

Eg 1. There was enough food for us.

2. Is there enough room for one?

3. Have we made enough tea?

As a pronoun

enough= As many or as much as somebody needs or wants

Eg 1. If enough of you are interested. We will organise a trip.